How to use them
- Pick one line for each kind of moment. One to start a study session, one for test day, one for setbacks.
- Write it where you work. The top of your notes, a sticky note on your laptop, your phone’s lock screen.
- Say it right before the moment. As you open the book, as you sit down in the exam room, as you open the grade.
- Back it with one action. “I’ll test myself instead of just rereading my notes” means closing the notes and writing down what you remember. It feels harder, and that’s the point: in a classic study, students who practiced recalling a passage remembered much more of it two days and a week later than students who reread it (Roediger & Karpicke, 2006).
A pre-exam routine with research behind it
Three things you can do just before a test:
- Write your worries down. In lab and classroom studies, a short writing exercise about test worries, done just before a high-stakes exam, helped students do better, and the students who usually got most anxious about tests gained the most (Ramirez & Beilock, 2011). Putting the worry on paper seems to free up attention for the test.
- Call your nerves excitement. Telling yourself to calm down rarely works on command. In a set of experiments, people who said “I am excited” before a stressful task felt more excited and performed better than people who tried to calm down (Brooks, 2014).
- Say one believable line. “I’ve prepared, and I’ll show what I know,” or “If I blank on a question, I’ll move on and come back.”
Why believable lines work better
In one study, people with low self-esteem who repeated “I’m a lovable person” felt worse afterward (Wood, Perunovic & Lee, 2009). A line you don’t believe can make the gap between it and how you feel more obvious. That’s why the lines here are things you can say and mean.
There’s also research on a different kind of affirmation used in schools: short writing exercises where students reflect on values that matter to them, such as family, friends or music. In a well-known study, this kind of in-class writing improved the grades of Black middle school students and narrowed the racial achievement gap (Cohen et al., 2006). Results since then have been mixed. A large replication, run in schools where a similar exercise had worked before, found no effect (Hanselman et al., 2017). It’s a cheap thing to try, not a sure thing.
If you feel like you don’t belong
Plenty of students, especially in their first year somewhere new, take every awkward moment as proof they don’t fit in. In one study, first-year college students read that worries about belonging are common at the start and fade with time. Over the next three years, Black students who got that message earned higher grades than those who didn’t, and reported better health (Walton & Cohen, 2011). It’s worth reminding yourself: feeling out of place early on is common, and it’s often temporary.
When stress is more than stress
Affirmations aren’t a replacement for care. If anxiety, low mood or exhaustion sticks around for weeks, talk to someone: a school counselor, your campus health center or your doctor. If you’re struggling or thinking about harming yourself, you can call or text 988 in the US (Suicide & Crisis Lifeline), or find a helpline in your country at findahelpline.com.
More help: affirmations for teens, affirmations for anxiety and our guide to stopping negative self-talk.